DOI: https://doi.org/10.32515/2664-262X.2025.11(42).2.30-37

An Improved Mathematical Model for Assessing the Quality of Open Source Web Applications

Andriy Prykhodko, Eugene Malakhov

About the Authors

Andriy Prykhodko, PhD student, Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University, Odesa, Ukraine, ORCID: 0000-0002-7109-5508, e-mail: whiterandrek@gmail.com

Eugene Malakhov, Professor, Dr.Sc., Head of the Department of Mathematical Support of Computer Systems, Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University, Odesa, Ukraine, ORCID: 0000-0002-9314-6062, e-mail: eugene.malakhov@onu.edu.ua

Abstract

The problem of assessing the quality of the open-source software, including web applications developed using the PHP frameworks, is important because nowadays the popularity of open-source software is growing, and web application development is performed using frameworks. The object of the study is the process of assessing the quality of open-source web applications developed using PHP frameworks, using software metrics RFC (Response for Class), CBO (Coupling Between Objects), and WMC (Weighted Methods per Class). The subject of the study is the mathematical models to evaluate the quality of the open-source web applications developed using the PHP frameworks, using the software metrics RFC, CBO, and WMC. The objective of the paper is to improve a mathematical model for assessing the quality of open-source web applications developed using PHP frameworks, which will allow us to increase the confidence to determine the quality of these applications according to the software metrics RFC, CBO, and WMC. Methodology. To construct the specified mathematical model, we use methods of nonlinear regression analysis based on multivariate normalizing transformations. As a multivariate normalizing transformation, we apply the three-variate Box-Cox transformation, the parameter estimates of which are computed using the maximum likelihood method. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the improvement of the mathematical model in the form of confidence and prediction intervals of nonlinear regressions for RFC, CBO, and WMC metrics at the application level for software quality assessment based on the three-variate Box-Cox transformation, which, unlike existing models, allows for appropriate assessment for open-source web applications developed using PHP frameworks. The results obtained have scientific and practical significance for assessing the quality of open-source web applications developed using such well-known PHP frameworks as CakePHP, CodeIgniter, Laravel, Symfony, and Yii, according to data from their RFC, CBO, and WMC software metrics and can be used for further development of new models and algorithms for assessing the quality of web applications.

Keywords

mathematical model, quality, software, web application, normalizing transformation, nonlinear regression, software metric

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References

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8. Prykhodko, S. (2024). Evaluating quality of software systems by the confidence and prediction intervals of regressions for RFC, CBO, and WMC metrics. WSEAS Transactions on Systems, 23, 322-330. https://doi.org/10.37394/23202.2024.23.36

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10. Brito e Abreu, F., Melo, W. (1996). Evaluating the impact of object-oriented design on software quality. Software Metrics: proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium (pp. 90-99). Berlin, Germany. https://doi.org/10.1109/METRIC.1996.492446

11. Prykhodko, S., & Prykhodko, N. (2022). A technique for detecting software quality based on the confidence and prediction intervals of nonlinear regression for RFC metric. Computer Sciences and Information Technologies (CSIT): proceedings of the 2022 IEEE 17th International Conference (pp. 499-502). Lviv, Ukraine. https://doi.org/10.1109/CSIT56902.2022.10000532

12. Prykhodko, S., & Prykhodko, N. (2023). Estimating quality of open-source Kotlin-based apps by the confidence and prediction intervals of nonlinear regression for RFC metric. Computer Science and Information Technologies (CSIT): proceedings of the 2023 IEEE 18th International Conference (pp. 1-4). Lviv, Ukraine. https://doi.org/10.1109/CSIT61576.2023.10324187

13. Saravanan, N., Dharanya, C., Dhina, M. et al. (2024). A novel approach to predict the defect density in software application using linear regression algorithm. Science Technology Engineering and Management (ICSTEM): proceedings of the 2024 International Conference (pp. 1-5). Coimbatore, India. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSTEM61137.2024.10560850

14. Prykhodko, A.S., Malakhov, E.V. (2024). Determining object-oriented design complexity due to the identification of classes of open-source web applications created using PHP frameworks. Radio Electronics, Computer Science, Control, 2 (69), 160–166. https://doi.org/10.15588/1607-3274-2024-2-16

Citations

1. Madaehoh A., Senivongse T. OSS-AQM: An open-source software quality model for automated quality measurement. Data and Software Engineering (ICoDSE) : proceedings. The 2022 International Conference. Denpasar, Indonesia: 2022. P. 126-131. DOI: 10.1109/ICoDSE56892.2022.9972135

2. Chen C., Shoga M., Boehm B. Exploring the dependency relationships between software qualities. Software Quality, Reliability and Security Companion (QRS-C) : proceedings. the 2019 IEEE 19th International Conference. Sofia, Bulgaria: 2019. P. 105-108. DOI: 10.1109/QRS-C.2019.00032

3. Bombiri O., Poda P., Ouedraogo T.F. Application of machine learning in software quality: a Mini-review. Natural and Engineering Sciences for Sahel's Sustainable Development (MNE3SD) : proceedings. The 2023 IEEE Multi-conference. Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso: 2023. P. 1-7. DOI: 10.1109/MNE3SD57078.2023.10079800

4. Gao C., Luo W., Wang J. et al. Software quality evaluation model based on multiple linear regression and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Dependable Systems and Their Applications (DSA) : proceedings. The 2022 9th International Conference. Wulumuqi, China: 2022. P. 383-389. DOI: 10.1109/DSA56465.2022.00058

5. Deshpande M.V., Soitkar A., Tripathi D. R. et al. Ensuring web application quality: The role of software testing as a form of quality assurance. ICT in Business Industry & Government (ICTBIG) : proceedings. The 2023 IEEE International Conference. Indore, India: 2023. P. 1-6. DOI: 10.1109/ICTBIG59752.2023.10456277

6. Fizza K., Banerjee A., Jayaraman P.P. et al. A survey on evaluating the quality of autonomic Internet of things applications. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. 2023. Vol. 25, No. 1. P. 567-590. DOI: 10.1109/COMST.2022.3205377

7. Shyamal D.K.K., Asanka P.P.G.D., Wickramaarachchi D. A comprehensive approach to evaluating software code quality through a flexible quality model. Smart Computing and Systems Engineering (SCSE) : proceedings. The 2023 International Research Conference. Kelaniya, Sri Lanka: 2023. P. 1-8. DOI: 10.1109/SCSE59836.2023.10215004

8. Prykhodko S. Evaluating quality of software systems by the confidence and prediction intervals of regressions for RFC, CBO, and WMC metrics. WSEAS Transactions on Systems. 2024. Vol. 23. P. 322-330. DOI: 10.37394/23202.2024.23.36

9. Chidamber S.R., Kemerer C.F. Towards a metrics suite for object oriented design. ACM SIGPLAN Notices. 1991. Vol. 26, Issue 11. P. 197–211. DOI: 10.1145/118014.117970

10. Brito e Abreu F., Melo W. Evaluating the impact of object-oriented design on software quality. Software Metrics : proceedings. The 3rd International Symposium. Berlin, Germany: 1996. P. 90-99. DOI: 10.1109/METRIC.1996.492446

11. Prykhodko S., Prykhodko N. A technique for detecting software quality based on the confidence and prediction intervals of nonlinear regression for RFC metric. Computer Sciences and Information Technologies (CSIT) : proceedings. The 2022 IEEE 17th International Conference. Lviv, Ukraine: 2022. P. 499-502. DOI: 10.1109/CSIT56902.2022.10000532

12. Prykhodko S., Prykhodko N. Estimating quality of open-source Kotlin-based apps by the confidence and prediction intervals of nonlinear regression for RFC metric. Computer Science and Information Technologies (CSIT) : proceedings. The 2023 IEEE 18th International Conference. Lviv, Ukraine: 2023. P. 1-4. DOI: 10.1109/CSIT61576.2023.10324187

13. Saravanan N., Dharanya C., Dhina M. et al. A novel approach to predict the defect density in software application using linear regression algorithm. Science Technology Engineering and Management (ICSTEM) : proceedings. The 2024 International Conference. Coimbatore, India: 2024. P. 1-5. DOI: 10.1109/ICSTEM61137.2024.10560850

14. Prykhodko A.S., Malakhov E.V. Determining object-oriented design complexity due to the identification of classes of open-source web applications created using PHP frameworks. Radio Electronics, Computer Science, Control. 2024. Vol. 69, No. 2. P. 160–166. DOI: 10.15588/1607-3274-2024-2-16

Copyright (c) 2025 Andriy Prykhodko, Eugene Malakhov