DOI: https://doi.org/10.32515/2664-262X.2025.11(42).1.167-178
Development of Mechatronic Systems for Targeted Separation and Selection of Seed Material
About the Authors
Hennadii Tesliuk, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technical Sciences), Dnipro state agrarian and economic university, Dnipro, Ukraine, e-mail: tesliuk_h@ukr.net, ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4541-5720
Valentyn Golovchenko, Holder of the third (educational and scientific) level of higher education, Dnipro state agrarian and economic university, Dnipro, Ukraine, e-mail: super-shm@ukr.net
Abstract
The article analyzes the current state of development of castor seed cleaning technologies and identifies the main drawbacks of existing solutions. It has been established that traditional hulling methods based on mechanical impact (friction, compression, impact) have low efficiency, cause significant seed damage, and require improvement to enhance cleaning quality. A classification of the fundamental structural schemes of working zones in machines for hulling castor fruits, separating castor seeds, and cleaning seed mixtures has been conducted. It has been determined that during the technological operations of hulling castor fruits and separating seeds, a mixture is formed that consists of three main components: unhulled or partially hulled fruits (large heavy components), castor seeds (medium components), and husks (small light components). In this case, the best approach is to use aerodynamic separation of the mixture combined with elements of a sieving separator. Based on this, a technological scheme for a castor seed cleaning machine has been developed, with the main working elements being a stationary rubber deck, a movable vertical conical rubber roller, a sieve, and a cyclone separator. Further work includes the development of the machine’s design based on the proposed technological scheme, justification of its structural and technological parameters, manufacturing, and implementation in production.
Keywords
castor oil, seeds, fruit, husk, seed mixture, peeling, cleaning, separation, technological scheme, machine
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References
1. European Commission. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Closing the Loop—An EU Action Plan for the Circular Economy; COM/2015/0614; European Commission: Bruxelles, Belgium, 2015. http://bastion.wum.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Europe-2020-Flagship-Initiative-Innovation-Union.pdf.
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3. Park, K., Sanjaya, S.A., Quach, T., Cahoon, E.B. (2021). Toward sustainable production of value-added bioenergy and industrial oils in oilseed and biomass feedstocks. GCB Bioenergy. 13: 1610–1623. DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12883.
4. Gelfand, I., Sahajpal, R., Zhang, X., Izaurralde, R.C., Gross, K.L., Robertson, G.P. (2013). Sustainable bioenergy production from marginal lands in the US Midwest. Nature. 493: 514–517. DOI: 10.1038/nature11811.
5. Von Cossel, M., Lewandowski, I., Elbersen, B., Staritsky, I., Van Eupen, M., Iqbal, Y., Mantel, S., Scordia, D., Testa, G., Cosentino, S.L. (2019). Marginal Agricultural Land Low-Input Systems for Biomass Production. Energies. 12: 3123. DOI: 10.3390/en12163123.
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7. Alexopoulou, E., Papatheohari, Y., Zanetti, F., Tsiotas, K., Papamichael, I., Christou, M., Namatov, I., Monti, A. (2015). Comparative studies on several castor (Ricinus communis L.) hybrids: Growth, yields, seed oil and biomass characterization. Ind. Crops Prod. 75: 8–13. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.07.015.
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10. Bateni, H., Karimi, K. (2016). Biodiesel production from castor plant integrating ethanol production via a biorefinery approach. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 107: 4–12. DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2015.08.014.
11. Ogunniyi, D.S. (2006). Castor oil: A vital industrial raw material. Bioresour. Technol. 97: 1086–1091. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.03.028.
12. Pędzik, M., Janiszewska, D., Rogoziński, T. (2021). Alternative lignocellulosic raw materials in particleboard production: A review. Ind. Crops Prod. 174: 114162. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114162.
13. Anjani, K. (2012). Castor genetic resources: A primary gene pool for exploitation. Ind. Crops Prod. 35: 1–14. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.06.011.
14. Vallejos, M., Rondanini, D., Wassner, D.F. (2011). Water relationships of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) seeds related to final seed dry weight and physiological maturity. Eur. J. Agron. 35: 93–101. DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2011.04.003.
15. Koutroubas, S.D., Papakosta, D.K., Doitsinis, A. (1999). Adaptation and yielding ability of castor plant (Ricinus communis L.) genotypes in a Mediterranean climate. Eur. J. Agron. 11: 227–237. DOI: 10.1016/S1161-0301(99)00034-9.
16. Pari, L., Latterini, F., Stefanoni, W. (2020). Herbaceous Oil Crops, a Review on Mechanical Harvesting State of the Art. Agriculture. 10: 309. DOI: 10.3390/agriculture10080309.
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20. Teslyuk, G.V. (2010). Obgruntuvannya tekhnolohichnoho protsesu, parametriv ta rezhymiv roboty mashyny dlya vydilennya nasinnya harbuza [Justification of the technological process, parameters and operating modes of the machine for extracting pumpkin seeds]: dissertation ... candidate of technical sciences: 05.05.11. Dnipropetrovsk. 147 p.. https://uacademic.info/ua/document/0410U001669 [in Ukrainian].
21. Samoychuk, K.O., Palyanychka, N.O., Verkholantseva, V.O. (2021). Tekhnolohichne obladnannya dlya vyrobnytstva roslynnoyi oliyi [Technological equipment for the production of vegetable oil. Electronic textbook]. https://elib.tsatu.edu.ua/dep/mtf/ophv_29/index.html [in Ukrainian].
22. Shevchuk, V.V., Sukach, O.M. (2018). Processes and means for grinding oilseeds: monograph. Lviv: Lviv National Agrarian University. 105 p. https://repository.lnup.edu.ua/jspui/bitstream/123456789/558/1/ Shevchuk_monograf.pdf [in Ukrainian].
23. Didur, V.V. (2020). Mechanical and technological foundations of deep processing of castor seeds in the conditions of a small-scale enterprise: dissertation ... Dr. Tech. Sciences: 05.05.11. Melitopol. 504 p.http://www.tsatu.edu.ua/nauka/wp-content/uploads/sites/49/dyssertacyja-dydur-vv_.pdf [in Ukrainian].
24. Yang, L., Chen, H., Xiao, J., Fan, Y., Song, S., Zhang, Y., Liu, X. (2021). Research on Structural–Mechanical Properties during the Castor Episperm Breaking Process. Processes. 9: 1777. DOI: 10.3390/pr9101777.
25. Balami, A.A., Adgidzi, D., Kenneth, C.A., Lamuwa, G. (2012). Performance Evaluation of a Dehusking and Shelling Machine for Castor Fruits and Seeds. IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN). 2 (10): 44–48. DOI: 10.9790/3021-021014448.
26. Yakubu, A.U., Muhammad, U.S., Isiaka, M., Sada, A.M., Saleh, A. (2020). Development of Castor (Ricnus Commnis ) Seeds Shelling Machine. Nigerian Journal of Engineering. 27 (3): 28–34.
27. Yakubu, A.U., Muhammad, U.S., Ishiaka, M., Muhammmad, S.A., Sale, N.A. (2020). Development and Performance Evaluation of a Castor Seed (Ricnus Communis) Shelling Machine with a Winnowing System. FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology (FUOYEJET). 5 (1): 2–5. DOI: 10.46792/fuoyejet.v5i1.430.
28. Pius, C.O., Nnaemeka, S.P.O., Charles, O., Vincent, N.O., Chinenye, A.I. (2014). Design Enhancement Evaluation of a Castor Seed Shelling Machine. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports. 3 (7): 924–938. DOI: 10.9734/JSRR/2014/5557.
29. Hou, J., Liu, X., Zhu, H., Ma, Z., Tang, Z., Yu, Y., Jin, J., Wang, W. (2023). Design and Motion Process of Air-Sieve Castor Cleaning Device Based on Discrete Element Method. Agriculture. 13(6): 1130. DOI: 10.3390/agriculture13061130.
Citations
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2. Janiszewska D., Olchowski R., Nowicka A., Zborowska M., Marszałkiewicz K., Shams M., Giannakoudakis D.A., Anastopoulos I., Barczak M. Activated biochars derived from wood biomass liquefaction residues for effective removal of hazardous hexavalent chromium from aquatic environments. GCB Bioenergy. 2021. 13: 1247–1259. DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12839
3. Park K., Sanjaya S.A., Quach T., Cahoon E.B. Toward sustainable production of value-added bioenergy and industrial oils in oilseed and biomass feedstocks. GCB Bioenergy. 2021. 13: 1610–1623. DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12883
4. Gelfand I., Sahajpal R., Zhang X., Izaurralde R.C., Gross K.L., Robertson G.P. Sustainable bioenergy production from marginal lands in the US Midwest. Nature. 2013. 493: 514–517. DOI: 10.1038/nature11811
5. Von Cossel M., Lewandowski I., Elbersen B., Staritsky I., Van Eupen M., Iqbal Y., Mantel S., Scordia D., Testa G., Cosentino S.L. Marginal Agricultural Land Low-Input Systems for Biomass Production. Energies. 2019. 12: 3123. DOI: 10.3390/en12163123
6. Zanetti F., Monti A., Berti M.T. Challenges and opportunities for new industrial oilseed crops in EU-27: A review. Ind. Crops Prod. 2013. 50: 580–595. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.08.030
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10. Bateni H., Karimi K. Biodiesel production from castor plant integrating ethanol production via a biorefinery approach. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 2016. 107: 4–12. DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2015.08.014
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24. Yang L., Chen H., Xiao J., Fan Y., Song S., Zhang Y.,Liu X. Research on Structural–Mechanical Properties during the Castor Episperm Breaking Process. Processes. 2021. 9: 1777. DOI: 10.3390/pr9101777
25. Balami A.A., Adgidzi D., Kenneth C.A., Lamuwa G. Performance Evaluation of a Dehusking and Shelling Machine for Castor Fruits and Seeds. IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN). 2012. 2 (10): 44–48. DOI: 10.9790/3021-021014448
26. Yakubu A.U., Muhammad U.S., Isiaka M., Sada A.M., Saleh A. Development of Castor (Ricnus Commnis ) Seeds Shelling Machine. Nigerian Journal of Engineering. 2020. 27 (3): 28–34.
27. Yakubu A.U., Muhammad U.S., Ishiaka M., Muhammmad S.A., Sale N.A. Development and Performance Evaluation of a Castor Seed (Ricnus Communis) Shelling Machine with a Winnowing System. FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology (FUOYEJET). 2020. 5 (1): 2–5. DOI: 10.46792/fuoyejet.v5i1.430
28. Pius C.O., Nnaemeka S.P.O., Charles O., Vincent N.O., Chinenye A.I. Design Enhancement Evaluation of a Castor Seed Shelling Machine. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports. 2014. 3 (7): 924–938. DOI: 10.9734/JSRR/2014/5557
29. Hou J., Liu X., Zhu H., Ma Z., Tang Z., Yu Y., Jin J., Wang W. Design and Motion Process of Air-Sieve Castor Cleaning Device Based on Discrete Element Method. Agriculture. 2023. 13(6): 1130. DOI: 10.3390/agriculture13061130
Copyright (c) 2025 Hennadii Tesliuk, Valentyn Golovchenko
Development of Mechatronic Systems for Targeted Separation and Selection of Seed Material
About the Authors
Hennadii Tesliuk, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technical Sciences), Dnipro state agrarian and economic university, Dnipro, Ukraine, e-mail: tesliuk_h@ukr.net, ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4541-5720
Valentyn Golovchenko, Holder of the third (educational and scientific) level of higher education, Dnipro state agrarian and economic university, Dnipro, Ukraine, e-mail: super-shm@ukr.net
Abstract
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
1. European Commission. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Closing the Loop—An EU Action Plan for the Circular Economy; COM/2015/0614; European Commission: Bruxelles, Belgium, 2015. http://bastion.wum.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Europe-2020-Flagship-Initiative-Innovation-Union.pdf.
2. Janiszewska, D., Olchowski, R., Nowicka, A., Zborowska, M., Marszałkiewicz, K., Shams, M., Giannakoudakis, D.A., Anastopoulos, I., Barczak, M. (2021). Activated biochars derived from wood biomass liquefaction residues for effective removal of hazardous hexavalent chromium from aquatic environments. GCB Bioenergy. 13: 1247–1259. DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12839.
3. Park, K., Sanjaya, S.A., Quach, T., Cahoon, E.B. (2021). Toward sustainable production of value-added bioenergy and industrial oils in oilseed and biomass feedstocks. GCB Bioenergy. 13: 1610–1623. DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12883.
4. Gelfand, I., Sahajpal, R., Zhang, X., Izaurralde, R.C., Gross, K.L., Robertson, G.P. (2013). Sustainable bioenergy production from marginal lands in the US Midwest. Nature. 493: 514–517. DOI: 10.1038/nature11811.
5. Von Cossel, M., Lewandowski, I., Elbersen, B., Staritsky, I., Van Eupen, M., Iqbal, Y., Mantel, S., Scordia, D., Testa, G., Cosentino, S.L. (2019). Marginal Agricultural Land Low-Input Systems for Biomass Production. Energies. 12: 3123. DOI: 10.3390/en12163123.
6. Zanetti, F., Monti, A., Berti, M.T. (2013). Challenges and opportunities for new industrial oilseed crops in EU-27: A review. Ind. Crops Prod. 50: 580–595. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.08.030.
7. Alexopoulou, E., Papatheohari, Y., Zanetti, F., Tsiotas, K., Papamichael, I., Christou, M., Namatov, I., Monti, A. (2015). Comparative studies on several castor (Ricinus communis L.) hybrids: Growth, yields, seed oil and biomass characterization. Ind. Crops Prod. 75: 8–13. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.07.015.
8. Vedmedeva, K.V., Kavyazina, M.Yu., Makhov, T.V. (2018). Otsinka zrazkiv rytsyny za hospodarsʹko – tsinnymy oznakamy [Evaluation of castor oilseed samples by economic and valuable characteristics]. Scientific and technical bulletin of the Institute of Oilseeds of the NAAS. 26: 39-48. https://bulletin.imk.zp.ua/pdf/2018/26/Vedmedeva2_26.pdf [in Ukrainian].
9. Carrino, L., Visconti, D., Fiorentino, N., Fagnano, M. (2020). Biofuel Production with Castor Bean: A Win–Win Strategy for Marginal Land. Agronomy. 10: 1690. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10111690.
10. Bateni, H., Karimi, K. (2016). Biodiesel production from castor plant integrating ethanol production via a biorefinery approach. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 107: 4–12. DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2015.08.014.
11. Ogunniyi, D.S. (2006). Castor oil: A vital industrial raw material. Bioresour. Technol. 97: 1086–1091. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.03.028.
12. Pędzik, M., Janiszewska, D., Rogoziński, T. (2021). Alternative lignocellulosic raw materials in particleboard production: A review. Ind. Crops Prod. 174: 114162. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114162.
13. Anjani, K. (2012). Castor genetic resources: A primary gene pool for exploitation. Ind. Crops Prod. 35: 1–14. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.06.011.
14. Vallejos, M., Rondanini, D., Wassner, D.F. (2011). Water relationships of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) seeds related to final seed dry weight and physiological maturity. Eur. J. Agron. 35: 93–101. DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2011.04.003.
15. Koutroubas, S.D., Papakosta, D.K., Doitsinis, A. (1999). Adaptation and yielding ability of castor plant (Ricinus communis L.) genotypes in a Mediterranean climate. Eur. J. Agron. 11: 227–237. DOI: 10.1016/S1161-0301(99)00034-9.
16. Pari, L., Latterini, F., Stefanoni, W. (2020). Herbaceous Oil Crops, a Review on Mechanical Harvesting State of the Art. Agriculture. 10: 309. DOI: 10.3390/agriculture10080309.
17. Aliiev, E.B. (2020). Mekhaniko-tekhnolohichni osnovy protsesu pretsyziynoyi separatsiyi nasinnyevoho materialu sonyashnyku [Mechanical and technological foundations of the process of precision separation of sunflower seed material]: dissertation ... Dr. Tech. Sciences: 05.05.11. Zaporizhzhia. 530 p.. [in Ukrainian].
18. Aliiev, E.B. (2019). Fizyko-matematychni modeli protsesiv pretsyziynoyi separatsiyi nasinnyevoho materialu sonyashnyku: monohrafiya [Physical and mathematical models of processes of precision separation of sunflower seed material: monograph]. Zaporizhzhia: STATUS. 196 p. aliev.in.ua/doc/knigi/kniga_4.pdf [in Ukrainian].
19. Petrachenko, D.O., Moher, Y.V., Koropchenko, S.P. (2023). Tekhnolohiya obrushennya nasinnya promyslovykh konopelʹ dlya maloho biznesu [Technology of crushing industrial hemp seeds for small businesses. Scientific monograph]. Riga, Latvia: «Baltija Publishing». 645-671. DOI: 10.30525/978-9934-26-328-6-29 [in Ukrainian].
20. Teslyuk, G.V. (2010). Obgruntuvannya tekhnolohichnoho protsesu, parametriv ta rezhymiv roboty mashyny dlya vydilennya nasinnya harbuza [Justification of the technological process, parameters and operating modes of the machine for extracting pumpkin seeds]: dissertation ... candidate of technical sciences: 05.05.11. Dnipropetrovsk. 147 p.. https://uacademic.info/ua/document/0410U001669 [in Ukrainian].
21. Samoychuk, K.O., Palyanychka, N.O., Verkholantseva, V.O. (2021). Tekhnolohichne obladnannya dlya vyrobnytstva roslynnoyi oliyi [Technological equipment for the production of vegetable oil. Electronic textbook]. https://elib.tsatu.edu.ua/dep/mtf/ophv_29/index.html [in Ukrainian].
22. Shevchuk, V.V., Sukach, O.M. (2018). Processes and means for grinding oilseeds: monograph. Lviv: Lviv National Agrarian University. 105 p. https://repository.lnup.edu.ua/jspui/bitstream/123456789/558/1/ Shevchuk_monograf.pdf [in Ukrainian].
23. Didur, V.V. (2020). Mechanical and technological foundations of deep processing of castor seeds in the conditions of a small-scale enterprise: dissertation ... Dr. Tech. Sciences: 05.05.11. Melitopol. 504 p.http://www.tsatu.edu.ua/nauka/wp-content/uploads/sites/49/dyssertacyja-dydur-vv_.pdf [in Ukrainian].
24. Yang, L., Chen, H., Xiao, J., Fan, Y., Song, S., Zhang, Y., Liu, X. (2021). Research on Structural–Mechanical Properties during the Castor Episperm Breaking Process. Processes. 9: 1777. DOI: 10.3390/pr9101777.
25. Balami, A.A., Adgidzi, D., Kenneth, C.A., Lamuwa, G. (2012). Performance Evaluation of a Dehusking and Shelling Machine for Castor Fruits and Seeds. IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN). 2 (10): 44–48. DOI: 10.9790/3021-021014448.
26. Yakubu, A.U., Muhammad, U.S., Isiaka, M., Sada, A.M., Saleh, A. (2020). Development of Castor (Ricnus Commnis ) Seeds Shelling Machine. Nigerian Journal of Engineering. 27 (3): 28–34.
27. Yakubu, A.U., Muhammad, U.S., Ishiaka, M., Muhammmad, S.A., Sale, N.A. (2020). Development and Performance Evaluation of a Castor Seed (Ricnus Communis) Shelling Machine with a Winnowing System. FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology (FUOYEJET). 5 (1): 2–5. DOI: 10.46792/fuoyejet.v5i1.430.
28. Pius, C.O., Nnaemeka, S.P.O., Charles, O., Vincent, N.O., Chinenye, A.I. (2014). Design Enhancement Evaluation of a Castor Seed Shelling Machine. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports. 3 (7): 924–938. DOI: 10.9734/JSRR/2014/5557.
29. Hou, J., Liu, X., Zhu, H., Ma, Z., Tang, Z., Yu, Y., Jin, J., Wang, W. (2023). Design and Motion Process of Air-Sieve Castor Cleaning Device Based on Discrete Element Method. Agriculture. 13(6): 1130. DOI: 10.3390/agriculture13061130.
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27. Yakubu A.U., Muhammad U.S., Ishiaka M., Muhammmad S.A., Sale N.A. Development and Performance Evaluation of a Castor Seed (Ricnus Communis) Shelling Machine with a Winnowing System. FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology (FUOYEJET). 2020. 5 (1): 2–5. DOI: 10.46792/fuoyejet.v5i1.430
28. Pius C.O., Nnaemeka S.P.O., Charles O., Vincent N.O., Chinenye A.I. Design Enhancement Evaluation of a Castor Seed Shelling Machine. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports. 2014. 3 (7): 924–938. DOI: 10.9734/JSRR/2014/5557
29. Hou J., Liu X., Zhu H., Ma Z., Tang Z., Yu Y., Jin J., Wang W. Design and Motion Process of Air-Sieve Castor Cleaning Device Based on Discrete Element Method. Agriculture. 2023. 13(6): 1130. DOI: 10.3390/agriculture13061130