The article identifies and assesses risks associated with the transportation of petroleum products by road from oil depots to gas stations. The main external and internal factors affecting cargo safety have been determined, including the physicochemical properties of petroleum products such as flammability, explosiveness, volatility, and susceptibility to static electrification, as well as external factors, including mechanical impacts, climatic conditions, organizational, and technical aspects. The primary risks at the transportation stages (loading, transit, unloading) have been identified, and the key causes of petroleum product losses have been established. Risk assessment was performed using the expert evaluation method, involving a detailed analysis of probability and consequences for each identified risk. This approach enabled the classification of risks by priority, with the highest risks including cargo explosion caused by static electricity during loading and unloading operations, leaks of petroleum products due to mechanical damage to the tank caused by road accidents, and breaches of hose integrity during loading and unloading operations. Medium risks are associated with the quality degradation of petroleum products due to residues of previous cargoes in the tanks and leaks resulting from unwanted vehicle movement during loading and unloading operations. The lowest risks pertain to cargo losses due to evaporation or theft during stops. The risk levels were quantified, allowing for the prioritization of targeted interventions. Based on the analysis, a comprehensive set of recommendations has been developed to minimize the identified risks. These include regular technical inspections and maintenance of tanks and vehicles, implementation of advanced monitoring systems, adherence to strict safety protocols during loading and unloading operations, and continuous training for personnel. Additionally, maintaining a controlled temperature regime and ensuring the use of anti-static measures were highlighted as critical for enhancing the safety and integrity of transported petroleum products.

petroleum products, physicochemical properties of cargo, transportation, risks, risk assessment, expert evaluation method, cargo integrity

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