The purpose of the research is to develop technical proposals for improving the working bodies of construction and road machines that interact during their working cycle with a mineral environment (soil, ore, lumpy rock, concrete, asphalt concrete), organic environment at low temperatures (snow, ice, and their mixtures with a mineral environment) using rubber, rubber-fabric, rubber-metal, rubber-concrete and other composite rubber compounds. The article presents a number of technical solutions that include rubber elements of the working bodies of construction and road machines that are intended for interaction with a mineral natural environment, such as soil, rock, ore, mineral, snow cover, ice formations, agricultural grains. Most characteristics of rubber elastomers have an advantage over classic metal ones in terms of application in the working bodies of construction machines, as they contribute to the elimination of classic disadvantages inherent in these machines (heavy weight, noise, fatigue failure, sticking and freezing of the mineral environment on the elements of the working equipment). These characteristics include: high elasticity, or resiliency; the ability to repeatedly change its shape with a return to its original state; the ability to silently absorb shocks; high wear resistance and corrosion resistance to the action of water and chemically aggressive environment. The article presents a selective and, in the authors' opinion, successful application of rubber and composite elements in the working equipment of a mechanized construction fleet of machines and equipment. The effectiveness of the application of rubber elements in working equipment is analyzed using the example of a wide range of construction machines according to the criteria: wear, sticking, freezing, damping, corrosion resistance, protection of metal elements of structures from plastic deformations. It has been found that modern elastomeric materials have a wide range of special properties and have significant reserves for eliminating such significant shortcomings of the working equipment of construction and road machines, as: sticking and freezing of minerals to the working metal surfaces, increased wear, destruction of metal structures of working bodies as a result of high dynamic shock loads. Exploitation of elastomeric materials, taking into account their shelf life (7-10 years), which is comparable to the resource of construction machines, is appropriate for use for all types and classes of working bodies. The use of elastomers in the working equipment of construction and road machines is the most effective for bucket-type working equipment.

mineral environment, elastomer, rubber element, working body

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