The article presents the results of a study of existing software products that are the most popular and in demand in the processes of ecology and environmental protection. An overview of automated design tools for the field of ecology in Ukraine is given. An overview of the market of automated design tools for the field of ecology was conducted, and their characteristics were given. An overview of integrated management systems in ecology and environmental protection is presented. The application of information technologies in the processes of ecology and environmental protection is that natural resources are now under significant pressure due to industrialization, expansion of urban areas and other human activities. This leads to pollution of air, water and soil, destruction of ecosystems, loss of biodiversity and other negative consequences for the environment. The use of information technology can be a key tool in combating these problems. In the field of the use of information technologies in ecology and environmental protection, the significant potential of these technologies for solving various environmental problems is confirmed. Many software products used in the field of ecology are associated with the use of GIS (geographic information systems) [1], the first period of their development began in the 1950s and 1970s with active topographic surveys [2], which in the later 1980s prompted the arrival of government customers to create commercial products using databases. Some key aspects that stand out from these studies include: 1. Monitoring of the state of the environment: Application of modern information technologies: satellite imaging; collection of environmental parameters; registration sensors; the accumulation of observation data and their analysis allows to get an idea, mostly expressed in quantitative estimates, about the state of air, water and soil pollution, as well as about changes or their trends in landscapes and biocenosis. This allows you to effectively identify problem areas and respond to environmental threats in a timely manner. 2. Forecasting environmental events: The use of analytical methods and algorithms of artificial intelligence makes it possible to predict the development of environmental crises, such as natural disasters, climate change, and the destruction of ecosystems. It helps to develop strategies to prevent and minimize negative impact on the environment. 3. Resource and waste management: Information technology is used to optimize the use of natural resources, as well as for efficient waste management and renewable energy sources. This helps to conserve resources and reduce the negative impact on the environment. 4. Public participation and education: Information technologies allow raising public awareness of environmental problems, facilitating the dissemination of information and stimulating active public participation in environmental protection programs. 5. Innovative solutions: The latest technologies, such as blockchain, the Internet of Things (IoT), as well as developments in the field of bioinformatics and nanotechnology, open up new opportunities for solving complex environmental problems and ensuring sustainable development.

software, information technologies, geoinformation systems, integrated control systems, environmental protection

Full Text:

PDF

1. Dychka, A. I. (2018). Modified method of multiple scalar multiplication of elliptic curve points in finite fields: master's thesis [Modyfikovanyj metod bahatokratnoho skaliarnoho mnozhennia tochok eliptychnoi kryvoi u skinchennykh poliakh]. Master's thesis URL: https://ela.kpi.ua/bitstream/123456789/23653/1/Dychka_magistr.pdf [in Ukrainian].

2. Horbenko, Yu. & Horbenko, I. (2010). Infrastruktury vidkrytykh kliuchiv. Elektronnyj tsyfrovyj pidpys. Teoriia ta praktyka : monohrafiia [Public key infrastructures. Electronic digital signature. Theory and practice]. Kharkiv: Fort [in Ukrainian].

3. N.Koblitz. (1987) Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems // Mathematics of Computation. Vol. 48, № 177. Р. 203-209.

4. Blake, I. F., Smart, N. P., Seroussi, G.(2009) Advances in elliptic curve cryptography. Cambridge University.

5. Diffie W., Hellman M. E.. (1976) New directions in cryptography. URL: https://ee.stanford.edu/~hellman/publications/24.pdf

6. Rivest R. L., Shamir A., Adleman L..(1985) A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems. URL: https:// people.csail.mit.edu/rivest/Rsapaper.pdf

7. ElGamal T.. (1985) Public key cryptosystem and a signature scheme based on discrete logarithms. URL: https://caislab.kaist.ac.kr/lecture/2010/ spring/cs548/basic/B02.pdf

8. Arjen K., Lenstra H.. (1993) The development of the number field sieve. Lecture Notes in Mathematics (LNM), Vol. 1554.

9. Boneh D., Shoup V./ (2023) A Graduate Course in Applied Cryptography. URL: http://toc.cryptobook.us/book.pdf

10. Koblitz, N.. (1987) Elliptic curve cryptosystems. Mathematics of computation, Vol.48, № 177. Р. 203. URL:https://doi.org/10.1090/s0025-5718-1987-0866109-5.

11. Miller V.S. (2020) Use of elliptic curves in cryptography. Lecture notes in computer science, Р. 417–426. URL:https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-39799-x_31.

12. ANSI X9.62. Public key cryptography for the financial services industry: The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA). American National Standards Institute, Washington. 1999

13. ANSI X9.63. Public key cryptography for the financial services industry: Key agreement and key transport using elliptic curve cryptography. American National Standards Institute, Washington. 2001.

14. IEEE P1363/D9(Draft Version 9). Standard Specifications for Public Key Cryptography, 1999

15. Digital Signature Standard (DSS). National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington. URL:https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.186-5.pdf.

16. ISO/IEC 15946-4. Information technology. Security techniques. Cryptographic techniques based on elliptic curves. Part 4: Digital signatures giving message recovery, Geneva.

17. ISO/IEC 15946-5. Information technology. Security techniq

18. Saho, N.J.G., Ezin, E.C.. (2020) Comparative study on the performance of elliptic curve cryptography algorithms with cryptography through RSA algorithm. CARI. URL:https://hal.science/hal02926106/document?ref=panther-protocol-blog

19. Elliptic Curves for Security RFC 7748. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7748

20. Edwards-Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (EdDSA) RFC 8032. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8032

21. Informatsijni tekhnolohii. Kryptohrafichnyj zakhyst informatsii. Tsyfrovyj pidpys, scho gruntuiet'sia na eliptychnykh kryvykh. Formuvannia ta pereviriannia [Information Technology. Cryptographic protection of information. Digital signature based on elliptic curves. Formation and verification] (2003). DSTU 4145-2002 from July 1, 2003. Kyiv: State Standard of Ukraine [in Ukrainian].

22. Informatsijni tekhnolohii. Kryptohrafichnyj zakhyst informatsii. Alhorytm shyfruvannia korotkykh povidomlen', scho gruntuiet'sia na skruchenykh eliptychnykh kryvykh Edvardsa [Information Technology. Cryptographic protection of information. Short Message Encryption Algorithm Based on Twisted Edwards Elliptic Curves] (2020). DSTU 9041-2020 from November 1, 2020. Kyiv: Derzhstandart Ukrainy [in Ukrainian].

23. Zaben'ko, Yu. I. & Kovtaniuk, Yu. S. (2013). Kontseptsiia planuvannia zhyttievoho tsyklu elektronnykh dokumentiv [The concept of planning the life cycle of electronic documents]. Arkhivy Ukrainy  Archives of Ukraine, 4, 5-38 [in Ukrainian].

24. Informatsijni tekhnolohii. Kryptohrafichni metody na osnovi eliptychnykh kryvykh. Chastyna 5. Heneruvannia eliptychnykh kryvykh [Information technologies. Cryptographic methods based on elliptic curves. Part 5: Generation of elliptic curves] (2023). DSTU ISO/IEC 15946-5:2023 from June 25, 2003. Kyiv: Derzhstandart Ukrainy [in Ukrainian].

25. SafeCurves: [choosing safe curves for elliptic-curve cryptography]. URL: https://safecurves.cr.yp.to/

26. Tsyhankova,O.V. (2021). Metody pidvyschennia shvydkodii asymetrychnykh kryptosystem z vykorystanniam eliptychnykh kryvykh u formi Edvardsa [Methods of increasing the speed of asymmetric cryptosystems using elliptic curves in the form of Edwards]. Candidate’s thesis. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].

27. Schur, N., Pokotylo, O. & Bajliuk, Ye. (2023). Kryptohrafiia na eliptychnykh kryvykh ta ii praktychne zastosuvannia [Elliptic curve cryptography and its practical application.]. Kiberbezpeka: osvita, nauka, tekhnika  Cyber security: education, science, technology, 1(21), 48–64. URL:https://doi.org/ 10.28925/2663-4023.2023.21.4864 [in Ukrainian].