DOI: https://doi.org/10.32515/2664-262X.2022.6(37).1.16-22
Wear-resistant Coatings on Aluminum Alloys
About the Authors
Mykhajlo Student, Senior Researcher, Professor, Doctor in Technics (Doctor of Technics Sciences), Фізико-механічний інститут НАН України, м. Львів, Україна, e-mail: student.phmi@gmail.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-5992-5898
Sergiy Markovych, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukraіnian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, e-mail: marko60@ukr.net, ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1393-2360
Volodymyr Hvozdetskii, Senior Researcher, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: gvosdetcki@gmail.com
Khrystyna Zadorozhna, Researcher, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: 880988@ukr.net
Yaruna Sirak, Junior Research Fellow, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: algirdas.280378@gmail.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8748-8456
Taras Кrаvchyshyn, Junior Research Fellow, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: tkravchyshyn@gmail.com
Abstract
Aluminum alloys are widely used in industry. Recently, they are used as a replacement for steel for the manufacture of pulleys, gears, columns of hydraulic rotary transmissions of grabs, etc. This reduces the weight of the parts and reduces carbon emissions into the atmosphere. However, aluminum alloys have low abrasive wear resistance, so their use is possible with coatings on the surface.
High-speed gas flame spraying (HVOF) was carried out on the equipment (Diamond Jet Hybrid gun). Arc coatings with a thickness of 500 µm were applied using FMI metallizer and FMI-2 powder wire (Cr6Al6B3Fe-base). PEO (oxido ceramic) coatings were synthesized on D16T aluminum alloy in an electrolyte of 3 g/l KOH + 2 g/l liquid glass (sodium silicate) with a pulsed current at a frequency of 50 Hz, with the ratio of the densities of the cathode and anode currents Jc/Ja+15/15 A /dm2. The duration of the PEO process is 60 min. The open porosity of the coatings was determined by the method of hydrostatic weighing. The phase composition of the surface layers was studied using a DRON-3.0 diffractometer.
HVOF (VC) and PEO coatings have been found to have 3 to 4 times higher wear resistance than high carbon hardened steel 100Cr6 and 2 times higher than galvanic chromium coatings, but have high energy consumption. Two methods have the lowest energy consumption: electric arc spraying of coatings and hard anodizing. At the same time, the wear resistance of such coatings is significantly lower than that of coatings obtained by the PEO and HVOF (VC) methods. For the restoration of worn parts, the most appropriate methods are HVOF (VC) and electric arc spraying, as they allow applying thick coatings up to 5 mm.
Conclusions: It was established that the studied HVOF (VC), PEO, EDP and hard anodized coatings significantly increase the abrasive wear resistance of aluminum alloy parts. HVOF (VC) and electric arc spraying methods can be used to protect new and worn parts from wear. PEO and hard anodizing methods can be used to protect against wear on new parts only.
The use of these methods increases the wear resistance of parts made of aluminum alloys to the level of steel and allows replacing steel and cast iron with aluminum alloys with coatings, reducing the weight of parts and carbon emissions into the atmosphere.
Keywords
aluminum alloy, galvanic chrome plating, gas flame spraying, plasma-electrolytic oxidation, hard anodizing, electric arc spraying
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References
1. Oduoza, C.F., Khan, E. & Sihra, T. (2014). Chromium Electroplating of Aluminium Alloys Using Electroless Nickel as Underlayer . Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, 02(07), Р. 59 -74 [in English].
2. Student, М.М., Pokhmurs’ka, H.V. & Zadorozhna, K.R. (2018). Structure and Wear Resistance of VC–FeCr and VC–FeCrСо Coatings Obtained by Supersonic Flame Spraying . Materials Science, 54(1), Р.22-29 [in English].
3. Hutsaylyuk, V. et.al. (2020). The properties of oxide-ceramic layers with Cu and Ni inclusions synthesizing by PEO method on top of the gas-spraying coatings on aluminium alloys . Vacuum, May 2020 179:109514 [in English].
4. Student, M.M., Hvozdets'kyj, V.M., Veselivs'ka, H.H. et al. (2021). Vplyv skladu elektrolitu na kharakterystyky syntezovanoho pid chas tverdoho anoduvannia aliuminiiu oksydnoho sharu [Influence of Electrolyte Composition on the Characteristics of Synthesized During Solid Anodization of Aluminum Oxide Layer]. Tsentral'noukrains'kyj naukovyj visnyk. Tekhnichni nauky : zb. nauk. pr. – Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical Sciences, Vol. 4 (35), 63–69. [in Ukrainian]
5. Veselivs'ka, H.H., Sirak, Ya.Ya. & Hvozdets'kyj, V.M. et al. (2017) . Znosostijkist' ta korozijna tryvkist' PEO shariv na pokrytti zi splavu D16 [Аbrasion resistance and corrosion resistance of PEO layers on the D16 coating]. Konstrujuvannja, vyrobnyctvo ta ekspluatacija silʹsʹkohospodarsʹkyx mashyn – Design, manufacture and operation of agricultural machinery, Vol. 47, part 2, 31-37 [in Ukrainian].
6. Student, М.М., Pohrelyuk, I.М., Chumalo, H.V. & Hvozdetskyi V. M. (2021). Improvement of the Functional Characteristics of Coatings Obtained By the Method of Hard Anodizing of Aluminum Alloys . Materials Science, 56(6), 820–829 [in English].
7. T.R.Stupnyts’kyi, M.M.Student, H.V.Pokhmurs’ka, V.M.Hvozdets’kyi. (2016). Optimization of the chromium content of powder wires of the Fe–Cr–C and Fe–Cr–B systems according to the corrosion resistance of electric-arc coatings . Materials Science, 52(2), 165–172. [in English]
8. Student, M.M., Pokhmurs'ka, H.V., Hvozdets'kyj, V.M. et al. (2018). Bahatofunktsional'ni elektroduhovi pokryttia [Multifunctional electric arc coatings]. L'viv : Prostir-M [in Ukrainian].
9. Student, M.M., Markovych, S.I., Hvozdets'kyj, V.M. et al. (2022). Abrazyvna znosostijkist' ta trybolohichni kharakterystyky elektrometalizatsijnykh kompozytsijnykh pokryttiv [Abrasive wear resistance and tribological characteristics of electrometallization composite coatings]. Fizyko-khimichna mekhanika materialiv – Physicochemical Mechanics of Materials, 1, 90-97 [in Ukrainian].
Citations
- Oduoza C.F., Khan E. and Sihra T. Chromium Electroplating of Aluminium Alloys Using Electroless Nickel as Underlayer . Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering. 2014. 02(07). Р. 59 -74.
- Student М.М., Pokhmurs’ka H.V., Zadorozhna K.R.. Structure and Wear Resistance of VC–FeCr and VC–FeCrСо Coatings Obtained by Supersonic Flame Spraying // Materials Science. 2018. 54(1). Р. 22-29.
- The properties of oxide-ceramic layers with Cu and Ni inclusions synthesizing by PEO method on top of the gas-spraying coatings on aluminium alloys / V. Hutsaylyuk et al. Vacuum, May 2020 179:109514
- Вплив складу електроліту на характеристики синтезованого під час твердого анодування алюмінію оксидного шару / М. М. Студент, В. М. Гвоздецький, Г. Г. Веселівська та ін. Центральноукраїнський науковий вісник. Технічні науки : зб. наук. пр. 2021. Вип. 4 (35). С. 63–69.
- Зносостійкість та корозійна тривкість ПЕО шарів на покритті зі сплаву Д16 / Г. Г. Веселівська, Я. Я. Сірак, В. М. Гвоздецький та ін. Конструювання, виробництво та експлуатація сільськогосподарських машин : загальнодерж. міжвід. наук.-техн. зб. 2017. Вип. 47, ч. 2. С. 31-37.
- Improvement of the Functional Characteristics of Coatings Obtained By the Method of Hard Anodizing of Aluminum Alloys / М.М. Student, I.М. Pohrelyuk, H.V. Chumalo, V.M. Hvozdetskyi . Materials Science. 2021. 56(6). P. 820–829.
- Optimization of the chromium content of powder wires of the Fe–Cr–C and Fe–Cr–B systems according to the corrosion resistance of electric-arc coatings / T.R. Stupnyts’kyi, M.M. Student, H.V. Pokhmurs’ka, V.M. Hvozdets’kyi. . Materials Science. 2016. 52(2). P. 165–172.
- Багатофункціональні електродугові покриття : монографія / М. М. Студент, Г. В. Похмурська, В. М. Гвоздецький та ін. Львів : Простір-М, 2018. 335 с.
- Абразивна зносостійкість та трибологічні характеристики електрометалізаційних композиційних покриттів / М.М. Студент, С.І. Маркович, В.М. Гвоздецький та ін. Фізико-хімічна механіка матеріалів. 2022. № 1. C. 90-97.
Copyright (c) 2022 Mykhajlo Student, Sergiy Markovych, Volodymyr Hvozdetskii, Khrystyna Zadorozhna, Yaruna Sirak, Taras Кrаvchyshyn
Wear-resistant Coatings on Aluminum Alloys
About the Authors
Mykhajlo Student, Senior Researcher, Professor, Doctor in Technics (Doctor of Technics Sciences), Фізико-механічний інститут НАН України, м. Львів, Україна, e-mail: student.phmi@gmail.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-5992-5898
Sergiy Markovych, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukraіnian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, e-mail: marko60@ukr.net, ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1393-2360
Volodymyr Hvozdetskii, Senior Researcher, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: gvosdetcki@gmail.com
Khrystyna Zadorozhna, Researcher, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: 880988@ukr.net
Yaruna Sirak, Junior Research Fellow, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: algirdas.280378@gmail.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8748-8456
Taras Кrаvchyshyn, Junior Research Fellow, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: tkravchyshyn@gmail.com
Abstract
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
1. Oduoza, C.F., Khan, E. & Sihra, T. (2014). Chromium Electroplating of Aluminium Alloys Using Electroless Nickel as Underlayer . Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, 02(07), Р. 59 -74 [in English].
2. Student, М.М., Pokhmurs’ka, H.V. & Zadorozhna, K.R. (2018). Structure and Wear Resistance of VC–FeCr and VC–FeCrСо Coatings Obtained by Supersonic Flame Spraying . Materials Science, 54(1), Р.22-29 [in English].
3. Hutsaylyuk, V. et.al. (2020). The properties of oxide-ceramic layers with Cu and Ni inclusions synthesizing by PEO method on top of the gas-spraying coatings on aluminium alloys . Vacuum, May 2020 179:109514 [in English].
4. Student, M.M., Hvozdets'kyj, V.M., Veselivs'ka, H.H. et al. (2021). Vplyv skladu elektrolitu na kharakterystyky syntezovanoho pid chas tverdoho anoduvannia aliuminiiu oksydnoho sharu [Influence of Electrolyte Composition on the Characteristics of Synthesized During Solid Anodization of Aluminum Oxide Layer]. Tsentral'noukrains'kyj naukovyj visnyk. Tekhnichni nauky : zb. nauk. pr. – Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical Sciences, Vol. 4 (35), 63–69. [in Ukrainian]
5. Veselivs'ka, H.H., Sirak, Ya.Ya. & Hvozdets'kyj, V.M. et al. (2017) . Znosostijkist' ta korozijna tryvkist' PEO shariv na pokrytti zi splavu D16 [Аbrasion resistance and corrosion resistance of PEO layers on the D16 coating]. Konstrujuvannja, vyrobnyctvo ta ekspluatacija silʹsʹkohospodarsʹkyx mashyn – Design, manufacture and operation of agricultural machinery, Vol. 47, part 2, 31-37 [in Ukrainian].
6. Student, М.М., Pohrelyuk, I.М., Chumalo, H.V. & Hvozdetskyi V. M. (2021). Improvement of the Functional Characteristics of Coatings Obtained By the Method of Hard Anodizing of Aluminum Alloys . Materials Science, 56(6), 820–829 [in English].
7. T.R.Stupnyts’kyi, M.M.Student, H.V.Pokhmurs’ka, V.M.Hvozdets’kyi. (2016). Optimization of the chromium content of powder wires of the Fe–Cr–C and Fe–Cr–B systems according to the corrosion resistance of electric-arc coatings . Materials Science, 52(2), 165–172. [in English]
8. Student, M.M., Pokhmurs'ka, H.V., Hvozdets'kyj, V.M. et al. (2018). Bahatofunktsional'ni elektroduhovi pokryttia [Multifunctional electric arc coatings]. L'viv : Prostir-M [in Ukrainian].
9. Student, M.M., Markovych, S.I., Hvozdets'kyj, V.M. et al. (2022). Abrazyvna znosostijkist' ta trybolohichni kharakterystyky elektrometalizatsijnykh kompozytsijnykh pokryttiv [Abrasive wear resistance and tribological characteristics of electrometallization composite coatings]. Fizyko-khimichna mekhanika materialiv – Physicochemical Mechanics of Materials, 1, 90-97 [in Ukrainian].
Citations
- Oduoza C.F., Khan E. and Sihra T. Chromium Electroplating of Aluminium Alloys Using Electroless Nickel as Underlayer . Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering. 2014. 02(07). Р. 59 -74.
- Student М.М., Pokhmurs’ka H.V., Zadorozhna K.R.. Structure and Wear Resistance of VC–FeCr and VC–FeCrСо Coatings Obtained by Supersonic Flame Spraying // Materials Science. 2018. 54(1). Р. 22-29.
- The properties of oxide-ceramic layers with Cu and Ni inclusions synthesizing by PEO method on top of the gas-spraying coatings on aluminium alloys / V. Hutsaylyuk et al. Vacuum, May 2020 179:109514
- Вплив складу електроліту на характеристики синтезованого під час твердого анодування алюмінію оксидного шару / М. М. Студент, В. М. Гвоздецький, Г. Г. Веселівська та ін. Центральноукраїнський науковий вісник. Технічні науки : зб. наук. пр. 2021. Вип. 4 (35). С. 63–69.
- Зносостійкість та корозійна тривкість ПЕО шарів на покритті зі сплаву Д16 / Г. Г. Веселівська, Я. Я. Сірак, В. М. Гвоздецький та ін. Конструювання, виробництво та експлуатація сільськогосподарських машин : загальнодерж. міжвід. наук.-техн. зб. 2017. Вип. 47, ч. 2. С. 31-37.
- Improvement of the Functional Characteristics of Coatings Obtained By the Method of Hard Anodizing of Aluminum Alloys / М.М. Student, I.М. Pohrelyuk, H.V. Chumalo, V.M. Hvozdetskyi . Materials Science. 2021. 56(6). P. 820–829.
- Optimization of the chromium content of powder wires of the Fe–Cr–C and Fe–Cr–B systems according to the corrosion resistance of electric-arc coatings / T.R. Stupnyts’kyi, M.M. Student, H.V. Pokhmurs’ka, V.M. Hvozdets’kyi. . Materials Science. 2016. 52(2). P. 165–172.
- Багатофункціональні електродугові покриття : монографія / М. М. Студент, Г. В. Похмурська, В. М. Гвоздецький та ін. Львів : Простір-М, 2018. 335 с.
- Абразивна зносостійкість та трибологічні характеристики електрометалізаційних композиційних покриттів / М.М. Студент, С.І. Маркович, В.М. Гвоздецький та ін. Фізико-хімічна механіка матеріалів. 2022. № 1. C. 90-97.