DOI: https://doi.org/10.32515/2664-262X.2022.5(36).1.86-97
Improving the Efficiency of the Forged Two-horned Hook Design
About the Authors
Gennadii Portnov, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukraіnian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, e-mail: budkom999@gmail.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8040-6761
Andrii Tykhyi, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukraіnian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, e-mail: a.a.tihiy@gmail.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4204-8550
Viktor Dariienko, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukraіnian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, e-mail: vvdarienko@gmail.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9023-6030
Viktor Pukalov, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukraіnian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, e-mail: Pukalovvictor@gmail.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-0848-5861
Abstract
An improvement of standard cargo two-horned hooks is proposed, which theoretically allows to reduce the weight by 7% while maintaining performance. The analysis of influence of the form of the forged two-horned hook on its efficiency is carried out. The model for studying the stress - strain state of the crane hook under conditions of maximum load, suitable for the formation of configurations of hook numbers. The modeling of solid objects is carried out, which allows to analyze the structures made according to the scheme of the curved beam with an accuracy greater than that allowed by the theoretical calculation. The least loaded elements of the model are determined by visualization of distributed stresses. Comparison of world standards of two-horned hooks shows a significant difference in material efficiency with the same classes and groups of classification.
To study the stress - strain state of the crane hook under conditions of maximum load in the program SolidWorks built a model suitable for the formation of hook configurations. The stress-strain state of the models was determined for two load variants. The load on both hooks of the hook is distributed evenly and the load is suspended on one horn. Experience in the operation of standardized hooks has determined the ergonomics of the surfaces of products in contact with the rafter equipment.
The geometric ratios of the cross-sectional dimensions of the hooks, as well as the threaded part can be considered determined theoretically and experimentally as optimal. It is reasonable to remove part of the material of the middle part of the hook. The strength criterion was the coefficient of safety margin. It is acceptable to reduce the value of K of the newly developed model by 5% of the K model of the hook.
Making a hole in the model changes the ratio of the stiffness of its elements, which leads to a change in the load pattern. The process of choosing the shape of the hole is iterative. The stress distribution in the elements of the model at different load variants with the indication of the minimum value of the safety factor K is presented. When developing design documentation for a two-horned hook with holes should take into account the ratio of the parameters of the holes with the characteristic size of the throat.
Keywords
load hook, model configuration, solid model, stress - strain state
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References
1. Kryuki kovanyye i shtampovannyye. Tekhnicheskiye usloviya [Forged and stamped hooks. Specifications], (1975). GOST 2105-75 from 01 January 1976. Moskva [in Russian].
2. Kryuki dvurogiye. Zagotovki.Tipy. Konstruktsii i razmery [The hooks are two-horned. Blanks Types. Designs and dimensions], (1973). GOST 6627-73 from 01 January 1975. Moskva [in Russian].
3. Lasthaken für Hebezeuge; Mechanische Eigenschaften, Werkstoffe, Tragfähigkeiten und vorhandene Spannun¬gen [Load hooks for hoists; Mechanical properties, materials, load capacities and existing stresses], (1990). DIN 15400/06.90 from 01 June 1990. Berlin [in German].
4. DIN 15402/11.88 Teil 1 Lasthaken für Hebezeuge; Doppelhaken; Rohteile [Load hooks for lifting devices. Double hooks. blanks]. (1988). (DIN 15402/11.88. from 01 November 1988. Berlin [in German].
5. DIN 15402/09.83 Teil 2 Lasthaken für Hebezeuge; Doppelhaken; Fertigteile mit Gewindenschaft [Load hooks for lifting devices. Double hooks. Machined parts with threaded shank], (1983). (DIN 15402/09.83 from 01 September 1983. Berlin [in German].
6. Aleksandrov M. P. Kolobov L. N. Lobov N. A. (1986). Gruzopod"yemnyye mashiny [Lifting machines]. Mashinostroyeniye - Mechanical engineering, 399 p. [in Russian].
7. Aliamovskyi A. A. (2012). SolidWorks Simulation. Kak reshat' prakticheskiye zadachi [SolidWorks Simulation. How to solve practical problems]. BKHV-Peterburg, 448 p. [in Russian].
8. Grigorov O.V., Serdyukov E.I., Stepochkin L.M. (2007). O vozmozhnosti primeneniya v Ukraine kovanykh (shtampovanykh) kryukov, izgotavlivayemykh po yevropeyskim standartam [On the possibility of using in Ukraine forged (stamped) hooks manufactured according to European standards]. Vestnik KHNADU: sb. nauch. tr - Bulletin of KhNADU: collection of scientific papers,38, 1-7 [in Russian].
9. Shapovalov L.A.(1990). Modelirovaniye v zadachakh mekhaniki elementov konstruktsiy [Modeling in the problems of mechanics of structural elements]. Mashinostroyeniye - Mechanical engineering, 288 p. [in Russian].
10. Portnov, H. D. , Tykhyi, A.A, Dariienko, V.V. & Pukalov, V.V. (2021). Vplyv formy kovanoho odnorohoho haka na yoho efektyvnist [Influence of forged unicorn hook shape on its efficiency]. Tsentralnoukrainskyi naukovyi visnyk. Tekhnichni nauky – Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical sciences, 4(35), 127-133 [in Ukrainian].
11. Delcam. Delcam PowerShape. www.delcam.ni. Retrieved from http://www.delcam.ni/products/powershape-/powershape.htm [in English].
12. Delcam. Delcam PowerMill : web site. Retrieved from http://www.delcam.ni/products/powermill/powerrnill.htm [in English].
13. Roland Modela (3D Plotter) MDX-20. (2000) : User’s Manual. Roland DG Corporation, 70 [in English].
14. Wasty, T.M.& Noor, A.K. (1996). Modeling and sensitivity analysis of multibody systems using new solid, shell and beam elements . Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 138, 187-211 [in English].
15. Manfred, Hiller. (1996). Modeling, simulation and control design for large and heavy manipulators. Journal of Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 19, 167-177. [in English]
16. Shcherbakov, V., Korytov, M., Sukharev, R. & Volf, E. (2015). Mathematical modeling of process moving cargo by overhead crane . Applied Mechanics and Materials, 701, 715-720 [in English].
GOST Style Citations
1. Kryuki kovanyye i shtampovannyye. Tekhnicheskiye usloviya [Forged and stamped hooks. Specifications], (1975). GOST 2105-75 from 01 January 1976. Moskva [in Russian].
2. Kryuki dvurogiye. Zagotovki.Tipy. Konstruktsii i razmery [The hooks are two-horned. Blanks Types. Designs and dimensions], (1973). GOST 6627-73 from 01 January 1975. Moskva [in Russian].
3. Lasthaken für Hebezeuge; Mechanische Eigenschaften, Werkstoffe, Tragfähigkeiten und vorhandene Spannun¬gen [Load hooks for hoists; Mechanical properties, materials, load capacities and existing stresses], (1990). DIN 15400/06.90 from 01 June 1990. Berlin [in German].
4. DIN 15402/11.88 Teil 1 Lasthaken für Hebezeuge; Doppelhaken; Rohteile [Load hooks for lifting devices. Double hooks. blanks]. (1988). (DIN 15402/11.88. from 01 November 1988. Berlin [in German].
5. DIN 15402/09.83 Teil 2 Lasthaken für Hebezeuge; Doppelhaken; Fertigteile mit Gewindenschaft [Load hooks for lifting devices. Double hooks. Machined parts with threaded shank], (1983). (DIN 15402/09.83 from 01 September 1983. Berlin [in German].
6. Aleksandrov M. P. Kolobov L. N. Lobov N. A. (1986). Gruzopod"yemnyye mashiny [Lifting machines]. Mashinostroyeniye - Mechanical engineering, 399 p. [in Russian].
7. Aliamovskyi A. A. (2012). SolidWorks Simulation. Kak reshat' prakticheskiye zadachi [SolidWorks Simulation. How to solve practical problems]. BKHV-Peterburg, 448 p. [in Russian].
8. Grigorov O.V., Serdyukov E.I., Stepochkin L.M. (2007). O vozmozhnosti primeneniya v Ukraine kovanykh (shtampovanykh) kryukov, izgotavlivayemykh po yevropeyskim standartam [On the possibility of using in Ukraine forged (stamped) hooks manufactured according to European standards]. Vestnik KHNADU: sb. nauch. tr - Bulletin of KhNADU: collection of scientific papers,38, 1-7 [in Russian].
9. Shapovalov L.A.(1990). Modelirovaniye v zadachakh mekhaniki elementov konstruktsiy [Modeling in the problems of mechanics of structural elements]. Mashinostroyeniye - Mechanical engineering, 288 p. [in Russian].
10. Portnov, H. D. , Tykhyi, A.A, Dariienko, V.V. & Pukalov, V.V. (2021). Vplyv formy kovanoho odnorohoho haka na yoho efektyvnist [Influence of forged unicorn hook shape on its efficiency]. Tsentralnoukrainskyi naukovyi visnyk. Tekhnichni nauky – Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical sciences, 4(35), 127-133 [in Ukrainian].
11. Delcam. Delcam PowerShape. www.delcam.ni. Retrieved from http://www.delcam.ni/products/powershape-/powershape.htm [in English].
12. Delcam. Delcam PowerMill : web site. Retrieved from http://www.delcam.ni/products/powermill/powerrnill.htm [in English].
13. Roland Modela (3D Plotter) MDX-20. (2000) : User’s Manual. Roland DG Corporation, 70 [in English].
14. Wasty, T.M.& Noor, A.K. (1996). Modeling and sensitivity analysis of multibody systems using new solid, shell and beam elements . Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 138, 187-211 [in English].
15. Manfred, Hiller. (1996). Modeling, simulation and control design for large and heavy manipulators. Journal of Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 19, 167-177. [in English]
16. Shcherbakov, V., Korytov, M., Sukharev, R. & Volf, E. (2015). Mathematical modeling of process moving cargo by overhead crane . Applied Mechanics and Materials, 701, 715-720 [in English].
Copyright (c) 2022 Gennadii Portnov, Andrii Tykhyi, Viktor Dariienko, Viktor Pukalov
Improving the Efficiency of the Forged Two-horned Hook Design
About the Authors
Gennadii Portnov, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukraіnian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, e-mail: budkom999@gmail.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8040-6761
Andrii Tykhyi, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukraіnian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, e-mail: a.a.tihiy@gmail.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4204-8550
Viktor Dariienko, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukraіnian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, e-mail: vvdarienko@gmail.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9023-6030
Viktor Pukalov, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukraіnian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine, e-mail: Pukalovvictor@gmail.com, ORCID ID: 0000-0002-0848-5861
Abstract
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
1. Kryuki kovanyye i shtampovannyye. Tekhnicheskiye usloviya [Forged and stamped hooks. Specifications], (1975). GOST 2105-75 from 01 January 1976. Moskva [in Russian].
2. Kryuki dvurogiye. Zagotovki.Tipy. Konstruktsii i razmery [The hooks are two-horned. Blanks Types. Designs and dimensions], (1973). GOST 6627-73 from 01 January 1975. Moskva [in Russian].
3. Lasthaken für Hebezeuge; Mechanische Eigenschaften, Werkstoffe, Tragfähigkeiten und vorhandene Spannun¬gen [Load hooks for hoists; Mechanical properties, materials, load capacities and existing stresses], (1990). DIN 15400/06.90 from 01 June 1990. Berlin [in German].
4. DIN 15402/11.88 Teil 1 Lasthaken für Hebezeuge; Doppelhaken; Rohteile [Load hooks for lifting devices. Double hooks. blanks]. (1988). (DIN 15402/11.88. from 01 November 1988. Berlin [in German].
5. DIN 15402/09.83 Teil 2 Lasthaken für Hebezeuge; Doppelhaken; Fertigteile mit Gewindenschaft [Load hooks for lifting devices. Double hooks. Machined parts with threaded shank], (1983). (DIN 15402/09.83 from 01 September 1983. Berlin [in German].
6. Aleksandrov M. P. Kolobov L. N. Lobov N. A. (1986). Gruzopod"yemnyye mashiny [Lifting machines]. Mashinostroyeniye - Mechanical engineering, 399 p. [in Russian].
7. Aliamovskyi A. A. (2012). SolidWorks Simulation. Kak reshat' prakticheskiye zadachi [SolidWorks Simulation. How to solve practical problems]. BKHV-Peterburg, 448 p. [in Russian].
8. Grigorov O.V., Serdyukov E.I., Stepochkin L.M. (2007). O vozmozhnosti primeneniya v Ukraine kovanykh (shtampovanykh) kryukov, izgotavlivayemykh po yevropeyskim standartam [On the possibility of using in Ukraine forged (stamped) hooks manufactured according to European standards]. Vestnik KHNADU: sb. nauch. tr - Bulletin of KhNADU: collection of scientific papers,38, 1-7 [in Russian].
9. Shapovalov L.A.(1990). Modelirovaniye v zadachakh mekhaniki elementov konstruktsiy [Modeling in the problems of mechanics of structural elements]. Mashinostroyeniye - Mechanical engineering, 288 p. [in Russian].
10. Portnov, H. D. , Tykhyi, A.A, Dariienko, V.V. & Pukalov, V.V. (2021). Vplyv formy kovanoho odnorohoho haka na yoho efektyvnist [Influence of forged unicorn hook shape on its efficiency]. Tsentralnoukrainskyi naukovyi visnyk. Tekhnichni nauky – Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical sciences, 4(35), 127-133 [in Ukrainian].
11. Delcam. Delcam PowerShape. www.delcam.ni. Retrieved from http://www.delcam.ni/products/powershape-/powershape.htm [in English].
12. Delcam. Delcam PowerMill : web site. Retrieved from http://www.delcam.ni/products/powermill/powerrnill.htm [in English].
13. Roland Modela (3D Plotter) MDX-20. (2000) : User’s Manual. Roland DG Corporation, 70 [in English].
14. Wasty, T.M.& Noor, A.K. (1996). Modeling and sensitivity analysis of multibody systems using new solid, shell and beam elements . Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 138, 187-211 [in English].
15. Manfred, Hiller. (1996). Modeling, simulation and control design for large and heavy manipulators. Journal of Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 19, 167-177. [in English]
16. Shcherbakov, V., Korytov, M., Sukharev, R. & Volf, E. (2015). Mathematical modeling of process moving cargo by overhead crane . Applied Mechanics and Materials, 701, 715-720 [in English].
GOST Style Citations
1. Kryuki kovanyye i shtampovannyye. Tekhnicheskiye usloviya [Forged and stamped hooks. Specifications], (1975). GOST 2105-75 from 01 January 1976. Moskva [in Russian].
2. Kryuki dvurogiye. Zagotovki.Tipy. Konstruktsii i razmery [The hooks are two-horned. Blanks Types. Designs and dimensions], (1973). GOST 6627-73 from 01 January 1975. Moskva [in Russian].
3. Lasthaken für Hebezeuge; Mechanische Eigenschaften, Werkstoffe, Tragfähigkeiten und vorhandene Spannun¬gen [Load hooks for hoists; Mechanical properties, materials, load capacities and existing stresses], (1990). DIN 15400/06.90 from 01 June 1990. Berlin [in German].
4. DIN 15402/11.88 Teil 1 Lasthaken für Hebezeuge; Doppelhaken; Rohteile [Load hooks for lifting devices. Double hooks. blanks]. (1988). (DIN 15402/11.88. from 01 November 1988. Berlin [in German].
5. DIN 15402/09.83 Teil 2 Lasthaken für Hebezeuge; Doppelhaken; Fertigteile mit Gewindenschaft [Load hooks for lifting devices. Double hooks. Machined parts with threaded shank], (1983). (DIN 15402/09.83 from 01 September 1983. Berlin [in German].
6. Aleksandrov M. P. Kolobov L. N. Lobov N. A. (1986). Gruzopod"yemnyye mashiny [Lifting machines]. Mashinostroyeniye - Mechanical engineering, 399 p. [in Russian].
7. Aliamovskyi A. A. (2012). SolidWorks Simulation. Kak reshat' prakticheskiye zadachi [SolidWorks Simulation. How to solve practical problems]. BKHV-Peterburg, 448 p. [in Russian].
8. Grigorov O.V., Serdyukov E.I., Stepochkin L.M. (2007). O vozmozhnosti primeneniya v Ukraine kovanykh (shtampovanykh) kryukov, izgotavlivayemykh po yevropeyskim standartam [On the possibility of using in Ukraine forged (stamped) hooks manufactured according to European standards]. Vestnik KHNADU: sb. nauch. tr - Bulletin of KhNADU: collection of scientific papers,38, 1-7 [in Russian].
9. Shapovalov L.A.(1990). Modelirovaniye v zadachakh mekhaniki elementov konstruktsiy [Modeling in the problems of mechanics of structural elements]. Mashinostroyeniye - Mechanical engineering, 288 p. [in Russian].
10. Portnov, H. D. , Tykhyi, A.A, Dariienko, V.V. & Pukalov, V.V. (2021). Vplyv formy kovanoho odnorohoho haka na yoho efektyvnist [Influence of forged unicorn hook shape on its efficiency]. Tsentralnoukrainskyi naukovyi visnyk. Tekhnichni nauky – Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical sciences, 4(35), 127-133 [in Ukrainian].
11. Delcam. Delcam PowerShape. www.delcam.ni. Retrieved from http://www.delcam.ni/products/powershape-/powershape.htm [in English].
12. Delcam. Delcam PowerMill : web site. Retrieved from http://www.delcam.ni/products/powermill/powerrnill.htm [in English].
13. Roland Modela (3D Plotter) MDX-20. (2000) : User’s Manual. Roland DG Corporation, 70 [in English].
14. Wasty, T.M.& Noor, A.K. (1996). Modeling and sensitivity analysis of multibody systems using new solid, shell and beam elements . Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 138, 187-211 [in English].
15. Manfred, Hiller. (1996). Modeling, simulation and control design for large and heavy manipulators. Journal of Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 19, 167-177. [in English]
16. Shcherbakov, V., Korytov, M., Sukharev, R. & Volf, E. (2015). Mathematical modeling of process moving cargo by overhead crane . Applied Mechanics and Materials, 701, 715-720 [in English].