DOI: https://doi.org/10.32515/2409-9392.2018.31.80-90

Qualitative Characteristics of Heat Sources on Steel Electrodes

Victor Nosulenko, Vitaliy Shmelyov

About the Authors

Victor Nosulenko, Professor, Doctor in Technics (Doctor of Technics Sciences), Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskiy, Ukraine, E-mail: nosulenko@kntu.kr.ua

Vitaliy Shmelyov, Associate Professor, PhD in Technics (Candidate of Technics Sciences), Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kropyvnytskiy, Ukraine, E-mail: shmelyovvm@gmail.com

Abstract

The electric arc is considered as the sum of three independently operating heat sources at the cathode, anode and arc column. At the same time, the qualitative characteristics (quality) of the heat source at the cathode determine the possibility and the qualitative side of the cathode erosion process, and the qualitative characteristics (quality) of the heat sources at the anode are the possibility and the qualitative side of the anode erosion process (treatment). Comparative quantitative and qualitative estimates of heat sources at the cathode and anode, in turn, allow us to draw conclusions about the polarity of electrical erosion, since, as is known, the effect of electric erosion is polar, that is, both quantitatively and qualitatively the erosion of the cathode and anode differ. Create a reliable energy balance for the cathode region and separately for the anode region of the arc, that is, to give a quantitative and qualitative characterization of heat sources separately at the anode and separately at the cathode, using existing classical concepts of elementary processes in the arc, at the present time is impossible. The quality of the heat sources on the electrodes is described by the volume density of thermal power in the cathode and anode heat sources, which, in turn, is determined by the current density and the electric field strength, respectively, in the cathode and anode regions of the arc. The qualities and qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the process of dimensional processing by an electric arc are determined by the qualitative characteristics (quality) of the heat sources on the electrodes, first of all, by the volume density of the thermal power. The latter, in turn, is determined by the dynamic pressure of the flow of the working fluid, as well as, in certain limits, by the polarity of the electrodes. In this connection, it is possible to easily control the quality of the heat sources on the electrodes, and consequently the quality of the erosion process, performing processing irrespective of the current in a wide range of modes, beginning from rough sized melting and to prevailing thin dimensional evaporation. The physical process of electric erosion during dimensional processing by electric arc is characterized by a continuous supply of energy to the treatment zone, continuous burning of the arc and the continuous existence of heat sources at the electrodes. So the thermal effect of the discharge on the electrodes is continuous and the process of erosion is continuously proceeding. Described according to the existing ideas in the field of the physics of thermal processes, some qualitative characteristics of heat sources on electrodes under conditions of dimensional processing by an electric arc and their correspondence to experimental data for electrodes from iron and steels.

Keywords

electric arc, anode, cathode, arc column, source of heat, working fluid, current density

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References

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